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Kurdish Hezbollah
Turkish Hezbollah (TH)〔〔〔(The real challenge to secular Turkey ), ''The Economist'', 31 Aug 2006〕 ((トルコ語:Türk Hızbullahı)),〔 also known as the Kurdish Hezbollah ((クルド語:Hizbullahî Kurdî)) or just Hizbullah in Turkey,〔Aslı Aydıntaşbaş, (Murder on the Bosporus ), ''Middle East Quarterly'', June 2000, pp. 15–22, Meforum.org. Retrieved on 2011-02-09.〕 is a mainly Turkish Sunni Islamist militant organization, active against the Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK) and the Government of Turkey.〔Gareth Jenkins (Tales from the crypt ), Al-Ahram Weekly, 3–9 February 2000, Issue No. 467〕〔Ufuk Hiçyılmaz, ''Aksiyon'', 31 January 2005, (Maskeli Hizbullah’ın hedefi cemaatler )〕〔 Although its members theoretically remain committed to violence, the organization has focused on non-violent activities during the last 10 years.〔(A New Front in the PKK Insurgency / ISN ). Isn.ethz.ch (2010-06-15). Retrieved on 2011-02-09.〕
==Background==
In the 1970s various Turkish/Kurdish Islamists sought to work through democratic means to develop Islamism in Turkey. Many joined the National Turkish Student Association (Milli Türk Talebe Birliği, MTTB), the youth organization of the National Salvation Party.〔(The Kurdish Ḥizbullāh in Turkey ). Oxford Islamic Studies Online. By: Mehrzad Boroujerdi, Nader Entessar, Martin Kramer, Joseph A. Kéchichian, Emrullah Uslu. Source: The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Islamic World〕 With the closure of these after the 1980 Turkish coup d'état, it appeared clear that the military was too strongly dedicated to secularism for the democratic route to be an option, and a group of Islamists launched the Union Movement (''Vahdet Hareketi'').〔 The movement organised around two bookshops in Diyarbakır – Fidan Gündör's ''Menzil'' and Hüseyin Velioğlu's ''İlim''. Until 1987 the groups gathered around these bookshops worked together.〔(Turkish sympathy for militants grows ) Common Dreams News Center〕〔(Hizbullah raporunda, örgütün İran İstihbarat Servisi'ne bağlı Pasdar'la büyük benzerlik gösterdiği kaydedildi: 'Askeri eğitim İran'da yapılıyor' ), TBMM'nin Hizbullah Raporu – Bölüm 1- Cumhuriyet Gazetesi'nden; cited in the daily ''Cumhuriyet'' of 2 February 2000.〕
In 1987, when Hüseyin Velioğlu moved his bookshop to Batman, different opinions on leadership and armed actions resulted in the split of the two wings.〔Mehmet Faraç, ''Cumhuriyet'', 19 January 2000, (Hizbullah'ın kanlı yolculuğu ) ((archive link ))〕 The so-called İlim-wing, under the leadership of Hüseyin Velioğlu insisted to start the armed struggle immediately. The dispute resulted in bloody fighting between the two factions.〔Human Rights Watch, 16 February 2000, (''What is Turkey's Hizbullah?'' )〕 Between 1990 and 1993, the İlim group killed many members of the Menzil group, and ultimately emerged victorious.〔 In 1993 the İlim group took the name ''Hizbullah''.〔
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